How has disruption impacted power system reliability in Pakistan?
The economic growth of Pakistan has been plunged dramatically. Prior to the economy, the investment in the power sector is also reduced. Consequently, the disturbance and disruption have greatly affected the power system reliability.
Which technology is required for a smart transmission grid in Pakistan?
Smart networks like IEEE 802.11 based wireless LAN, IEEE 802.15 based ZigBee, IEEE 802.16 based WiMAX, DASH 7, Power Line Communication (PLC), and 3G/4G GSM are required for the reliable and uninterruptible power transmission in smart transmission grid [ 72 ]. In Pakistan, outdated controlling methods are equipped in the system.
Why is Pakistan's power system failing?
While in Pakistan, the controlling methods are outdated. The main reason behind the shortfall is untrained staff, lack of facilities, and inadequate resources. Furthermore, insufficient investment in the power sector is also a hurdle in the evolution and has reduced the reliability of the system.
What causes a short circuit in a large grid?
It is well known that excessive short-circuit current is one of the prominent problems of large grid operation. Short circuits are the most common type of fault in power systems and can be caused by insulation aging, lightning flashover, and bird and animal cross-connection.
Why is smart grid implementation a problem in Pakistan?
Issues and challenges for smart grid implementation in Pakistan The net income of the power sector of Pakistan is encountering a huge shortfall, the main reason of which seems to be the non-technical losses (NTL's). Human manipulations that are mainly external to the system have only added to these losses over the past twenty years [ 42 ].
What are the problems facing the power sector in Pakistan?
The power sector of Pakistan is facing many issues such as departmental mismanagement, huge dependence on imported fossil fuels, the greater cost of power generation, lower production of energy along with old monitoring and controlling mechanism equipped with outdated devices.
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